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Investment
This study did not receive any specific grant regarding one capital enterprises throughout the personal, industrial, or not- for- profit groups.
Publisher’s Note
The clay minerals content can be obtained from various logs with certain advantages and inherent limitations, but the most commonly used technique and probably one of the most accurate methods is based on the using natural gamma ray log and the spectral components of it (i.e., K, and Th) [4, 5, 18]. The natural gamma ray log and its spectral logging data, comprising potassium (wt%), thorium (ppm), and uranium (ppm) respond to the natural radioactivity in the formation originates mainly from 40 K (0.01167% of total naturally occurring potassium), 232 Th (100% of natural thorium) and 235 U (% of the total uranium) isotopes and their daughter products in the both cased and open boreholes . The clay minerals are often the primarily radiation sources in the formations . This means that the natural gamma ray and its spectral data are often capable of distinguishing between the clay-free (low reading) and the clay-rich sandstones (high reading) on general . The response of the natural gamma ray log and its spectral components can be expressed https://datingranking.net/pl/instanthookups-recenzja/ as a linear function of the clay content (i.e., IA in Eq. 1) with assumption of the constant radioactivity, no additional radioactive elements, good borehole conditions, and no variation in the density .
Within the establish studies, the fresh quantitative mineralogy regarding 76 key trials obtained from the Shurijeh Formation is employed to assess the accuracy from a variety of present modification methods for the absolute gamma ray as well as spectral portion research. The accuracy of your own methods are seemed based on lowest average per cent relative mistake of every petrophysical means for estimate the amount off clay, with the investigations of one’s record-derived values to your genuine research-counted frequency per cent regarding clay nutrition. Specific efforts have also been made to calibrate the newest signing beliefs to the lab-derived clay contents of 76 core samples by the powering a low-linear regression calibration relationship involving the core-measured clay articles while the natural gamma beam index. In the end, new depositional ecosystem and various clay kind of the latest Shurijeh Formation was indeed accepted, by using the spectral gamma beam logging percentages while the relevant get across-plots of land, correspondingly.
Actions
The linear natural gamma ray and the potassium and thorium indexes (IGR, IPOTA, and ITHOR) were continuously calculated at each depth level from the corrected logging data, using the Eq. (1).
The fresh new comparative look at the Shrijeh Formation lbs percent clay away from this new key investigation and other adjustment suggested of the Larinov , Clavier , Steiber , Dewan , Bhuyan and you can Passey and the empirical calibration relationships (dashed curvilinear traces). Black circle Energy creating well research situations, and you can black right up-leading triangle the fresh new non-creating really investigation activities
An average clay material achieved by the fresh locally calibrated gamma ray directory had been nine. These types of amounts had been dramatically reduced compared to philosophy taken from this new former adjustment and you may were much more accordance towards laboratory counted study. This type of results have experienced an excellent influence on the new quote away from hydrocarbon in place and reserves of the Shurijeh. Total, both real and you may estimates out-of pounds per cent clay regarding additional changes, set this new Shurijeh Formation regarding the shaly sandstone classification.
References
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